Gramática
La gramática no es una lista de tiempos verbales para memorizar: es un conjunto de reglas operadoras. Cada regla maneja un tipo específico de oración. Aprende qué regla aplica y la oración se construye sola.
rule Reglas de gramática (verbos auxiliares)
Expresa estados, identidad o condición: "ser/estar" en presente y pasado.
am · is · are · was · were
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Presente She IS happy. | She IS NOT happy. | IS she happy? | ISN'T she happy? |
| Pasado They WERE late. | They WERE NOT late. | WERE they late? | WEREN'T they late? |
AM NOT = AIN'T · IS NOT = ISN'T · ARE NOT = AREN'T · WAS NOT = WASN'T · WERE NOT = WEREN'T
Maneja todos los verbos comunes: cualquier verbo que no sea BE ni HAVE como auxiliar.
do · does · did
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| She WORKS here. (DO invisible) | She DOESN'T work here. | DOES she work here? | DOESN'T she work here? |
| They PLAYED well. (DID invisible) | They DIDN'T play well. | DID they play well? | DIDN'T they play well? |
DO NOT = DON'T · DOES NOT = DOESN'T · DID NOT = DIDN'T
Tiene dos significados: TENER como verbo común y HABER para los tiempos perfectos.
have · has · had
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| I HAVE SLEPT. (perfect) | I HAVEN'T slept. | HAVE I slept? | HAVEN'T I slept? |
| She HAS EATEN. (perfect) | She HASN'T eaten. | HAS she eaten? | HASN'T she eaten? |
HAVE NOT = HAVEN'T · HAS NOT = HASN'T · HAD NOT = HADN'T
Futuro con certeza: intención fuerte, promesa o seguridad absoluta.
will · won't
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| I WILL call you. | I WON'T call you. | WILL you call? | WON'T you call? |
WILL NOT = WON'T
Plan futuro ya decidido, sin énfasis. WAS/WERE GOING TO = plan frustrado: algo estaba planeado pero no ocurrió.
is/am/are going to · was/were going to
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| She IS GOING TO work. | She ISN'T going to work. | IS she going to work? | ISN'T she going to work? |
| He WAS GOING TO call. (frustrated) | He WASN'T going to call. | WAS he going to call? | WASN'T he going to call? |
Preguntas y negaciones siempre se hacen con BE (is/are/was/were)
Condicional: lo que pasaría con una condición explícita o implícita.
would · wouldn't
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| She WOULD listen. | She WOULDN'T listen. | WOULD she listen? | WOULDN'T she listen? |
WOULD NOT = WOULDN'T
Recomendación fuerte u obligación moral, pero con libre decisión.
should · shouldn't
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| You SHOULD study. | You SHOULDN'T skip it. | SHOULD she study? | SHOULDN'T she study? |
SHOULD NOT = SHOULDN'T
Pasado y condicional de CAN: habilidad pasada, petición educada o posibilidad.
could · couldn't
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| She COULD help. | She COULDN'T help. | COULD she help? | COULDN'T she help? |
COULD NOT = COULDN'T
CAN = decisión o voluntad personal. BE ABLE TO = capacidad física o situacional.
can · can't · be able to
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| I CAN help. | I CAN'T help. | CAN you help? | CAN'T you help? |
| I AM ABLE TO work. | I AM NOT ABLE TO work. | Are you able to work? |
CAN NOT = CAN'T
Probabilidad 50/50 o petición formal de permiso.
may · may not
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| They MAY call. | They MAY NOT call. | MAY I come in? | — |
MAY NOT (no contraction)
Obligación fuerte con consecuencias si no se cumple. También se usa para deducción lógica.
must · must not
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta | Pregunta negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| You MUST study. | You MUST NOT skip it. (prohibition) | — | — |
MUST NOT = MUSTN'T (prohibition, stronger than SHOULD NOT)
error Errores comunes para corregir
"Agree" es un verbo común → lo maneja DO. No hay "ser o estar" en la oración.
He/She/It usa DOES, no DO. Negativo: DOESN'T.
HAVE + participio pasado (gone, eaten, slept). "Went" es pasado simple, no participio.
"Yesterday" indica tiempo pasado específico → usa DO/DID (pasado simple), no HAVE.
Con adjetivos cortos + "-er": solo usa el comparativo. "More" es para adjetivos largos.
article Artículos: a, an, the
| Artículo | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| a | Primera mención, singular, sonido consonante | I saw a cat. |
| an | Primera mención, singular, sonido vocal | She ate an apple. |
| the | Cosas específicas, ya conocidas o únicas | The cat is on the roof. |
| (ninguno) | Ideas generales, plurales o sustantivos incontables | Dogs are loyal animals. |
Nota: En inglés no existe "un/una" para cosas ya conocidas — eso siempre es "the". Y no existe artículo para generalizaciones ("Dogs are loyal", no "The dogs are loyal" como generalización).
record_voice_over Por qué esto ayuda a hablar
Cuando sabes qué regla maneja tu oración, dejas de adivinar la estructura en medio de la conversación. Primero identificas el verbo auxiliar y luego el resto de la oración sigue de forma automática. Escribe cinco oraciones con cada regla todos los días durante una semana. Después nota cómo empiezan a salir con más naturalidad cuando hablas.
Pon esto en práctica: habla con una IA que te corrige en tiempo real.
Practicar hablando open_in_new